Cronología de tecnología RFID

Robert Watson-Watt demonstrates radar, establishing the electromagnetic wave reflection principles that would later enable RFID.

Leon Theremin invents a passive listening device that retransmits radio waves.

Leon Theremin invents a passive listening device for Soviet espionage known as 'The Thing,' demonstrating passive electromagnetic signal modulation.

Harry Stockman publishes 'Communication by Means of Reflected Power,' the foundational theoretical paper on RFID communication.

Electronic Article Surveillance systems using RF and electromagnetic technologies appear in retail stores as the first commercial application of RF identification.

R.F. Harrington publishes theory of loaded scatterers, establishing the mathematical basis for passive RFID backscatter communication.

Charles Walton receives the first patent for a passive RFID transponder.

Charles Walton receives US Patent 3,752,960 for a passive transponder used in door locks, the first patent explicitly describing RFID.

Los Alamos National Laboratory develops RFID-based vehicle tracking system for nuclear material transport using passive UHF tags.

Mikrolar Inc. releases the first commercial passive RFID system for industrial automation and livestock management.

Charles Walton patents electronic toll collection using RFID, paving the way for automated highway toll systems worldwide.

Norway becomes the first country to deploy RFID-based electronic toll collection on a national scale.

IBM researchers file patents for UHF RFID systems operating at 900 MHz, establishing the frequency band used by modern RAIN RFID.

Texas Instruments launches the TIRIS (Texas Instruments Registration and Identification System) for vehicle immobilizers and access control.

ISO publishes animal identification standards defining 134.2 kHz LF RFID code structure and transponder activation for livestock tracking.

MIT establishes the Auto-ID Center, leading to EPC standard development.

MIT establishes the Auto-ID Center with Gillette and Procter & Gamble funding to develop the Electronic Product Code standard.

Chris Diorio founds Impinj in Seattle, which becomes the dominant UHF RFID tag IC manufacturer.

Walmart mandates top 100 suppliers to apply RFID tags on pallets and cases by January 2005, catalyzing the RFID industry.

Auto-ID Center transitions to EPCglobal under GS1 to commercialize EPC standards, creating the governance structure for RFID standards.

EPCglobal ratifies the first UHF Gen1 standard.

EPCglobal ratifies the Gen2 standard (later ISO 18000-6C).

EPCglobal ratifies the first-generation UHF RFID air interface standard, enabling basic interoperability between vendors.

EPCglobal ratifies the Gen2 UHF air interface standard, which becomes ISO 18000-6C and the foundation of modern RAIN RFID.

United States begins issuing e-Passports with embedded HF RFID chips storing biometric data per ICAO Doc 9303.

US Department of Defense mandates RFID tagging on all military shipments, driving UHF RFID adoption in defense logistics.

Philips spins off its semiconductor division as NXP Semiconductors, which becomes the leading HF/UHF RFID tag IC supplier.

Major retailers including Marks & Spencer and American Apparel begin item-level RFID pilots, proving inventory accuracy benefits.

Impinj launches the Monza tag IC series that becomes the most widely deployed UHF RFID chip family globally.

ISO publishes the library RFID standard defining data model and encoding for worldwide library automation interoperability.

RAIN RFID Alliance formed to promote UHF RFID adoption.

The RAIN (RAdio Frequency IdentificatioN) Alliance is formed by Impinj, Google, Intel, and NXP to promote UHF RFID adoption.

Impinj launches Monza R6 with industry-leading -22.1 dBm sensitivity, enabling reliable reads on the smallest inlay designs.

EPCglobal ratifies Gen2v2 adding AES-128 crypto suite, untraceable command, and enhanced security features to UHF RFID.

IATA Resolution 753 mandates baggage tracking at key journey points, driving airline adoption of UHF RFID luggage tags.

NXP launches UCODE DNA with AES-128 authentication, enabling cryptographic brand protection and anti-counterfeiting.

Decathlon completes global RFID deployment across 1,600+ stores with 85M tagged items, achieving 95% inventory accuracy.

Impinj launches the M700 tag IC platform with 30% smaller die, enabling sub-1-cent tag pricing for mass-market adoption.

COVID-19 pandemic accelerates RFID adoption for contactless checkout, touchless access control, and supply chain resilience.

GS1 US announces RFID encoding guidelines for apparel, driving standardized item-level tagging across major US retailers.

GS1 publishes EPCIS 2.0 with REST/JSON-LD API for sharing RFID event data across supply chain partners.

Annual UHF RFID tag IC sales surpass 40 billion units globally, driven by retail apparel tagging mandates.

Impinj launches the M800 platform with cloud-connected Authenticity for cryptographic item authentication at scale.

Walmart expands item-level RFID mandate beyond apparel to home goods, electronics, and sporting goods categories.

European Union advances Digital Product Passport regulations, with RFID positioned as a key technology for product traceability.

Major grocery retailers begin piloting item-level RFID on fresh food for waste reduction, shelf-life management, and automated checkout.